
正(zheng)如我(wo)們(men)所知(zhi)該(gai)設(she)備(bei)采(cai)用活性氧(yang)化(hua)鋁(lv)吸(xi)附劑(ji)進行除(chu)氟(fu)處理(li)。活性氧(yang)化(hua)鋁(lv)吸(xi)附過濾是(shi)目前(qian)技術(shu)比(bi)較(jiao)成(cheng)熟,應(ying)用較(jiao)廣(guang)泛(fan)、有(you)效的(de)除(chu)氟(fu)方(fang)法。活性氧(yang)化(hua)鋁(lv)是(shi)兩性(xing)物質(zhi),在水中具(ju)有(you)離子交換性(xing),等(deng)電(dian)點約(yue)在pH=9.5,當(dang)水的pH值(zhi)小(xiao)於9.5時可(ke)吸附陰(yin)離子,當(dang)水的pH值(zhi)大於9.5時可(ke)吸附陽(yang)離子,因此(ci)在酸(suan)性(xing)溶(rong)液(ye)中活性氧(yang)化(hua)鋁(lv)為(wei)陰(yin)離子交換劑(ji),對氟(fu)有(you)較(jiao)大的選擇(ze)性(xing)。
工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li):
氟化物在(zai)自(zi)然(ran)界(jie)中廣(guang)泛(fan)存在。天(tian)然(ran)水(shui)中(zhong)的(de)氟化物含(han)量(liang)壹般(ban)在(zai)0.3~0.5mg/L。流經含(han)氟礦(kuang)層(ceng)的地(di)下水(shui),有(you)時可(ke)高(gao)達2-5 mg/L。人(ren)每(mei)日(ri)從食物及(ji)水中(zhong)攝入壹定(ding)量(liang)的(de)氟,有(you)利於牙(ya)齒(chi)的防(fang)齲作用。長(chang)期(qi)攝入過量(liang)的(de)氟則可(ke)能(neng)導致慢(man)性(xing)中(zhong)毒。輕(qing)者(zhe)牙(ya)齒(chi)產(chan)生(sheng)斑(ban)釉、關節疼(teng)痛(tong),重者(zhe)骨(gu)骼(ge)發育(yu)受(shou)到影響,喪(sang)失(shi)勞動(dong)力(li),水(shui)中(zhong)氟(fu)進反(fan)滲(shen)透(RO膜)設(she)備(bei)含(han)氟化物超標(biao),直(zhi)接影響RO膜使(shi)用壽命,我國(guo)《生(sheng)活飲用水(shui)標(biao)準(zhun)》水(shui)中氟(fu)化(hua)物含(han)量(liang)小(xiao)於1.0 mg/L。 目前(qian)的除(chu)氟(fu),多(duo)采用吸(xi)附過濾法,使(shi)含(han)氟水通(tong)過活性氧(yang)化(hua)鋁(lv)除(chu)氟(fu)吸(xi)附,氟(fu)被吸附在(zai)吸附劑(ji)表面(mian),生(sheng)成(cheng)難溶(rong)氟(fu)化(hua)物,當(dang)除(chu)氟(fu)能(neng)力(li)降(jiang)到壹定(ding)限(xian)值(zhi)(飽(bao)和)時,通(tong)過再(zai)生(sheng)劑(ji)再(zai)生(sheng),恢(hui)復(fu)吸(xi)附劑(ji)除(chu)氟(fu)能(neng)力(li)。再(zai)生(sheng)清(qing)洗(xi)采(cai)用硫(liu)酸(suan)鋁(lv),其(qi)用量(liang)與(yu)除(chu)氟(fu)量(liang)之(zhi)比60:1,再(zai)生(sheng)濃(nong)度1%-2%,運行3~4個月用濃(nong)度3.5%的(de)HCL溶(rong)液清(qing)洗(xi)壹次,清(qing)洗(xi)後(hou)可用除(chu)氟(fu)水(shui)進行沖(chong)洗(xi),時(shi)間(jian)8~10min.